英美法系梦游杀人及其抗辩——以美国为主要视角

Sleepwalking used as a bloodguilt defense in the Common Law System——The United States is mainly used for analysis

我国刑法学和刑事诉讼法学对以梦游作为杀人罪行抗辩的研究比较缺乏,而英美法系尤其是美国对此问题却有着独特的判例优势。借助于经典案例,着重回顾美国梦游抗辩的历史,可以更好地了解梦游抗辩的发展脉络。或许法官对梦游抗辩中举证责任的把握相对不易是梦游抗辩在美国发展举步维艰的原因之一。此外,两大法系在梦游抗辩举证责任分配上存有差异,对差异进行适当的比较分析也很重要。差异的背后隐藏着不同法系之间以及同一法系内部不同法域之间在无罪推定方面的不同理解。基于梦游抗辩在美国的发展脉络,我们需要对梦游抗辩进行重新定位,以做出适合我国的相应调整和法律应对。

There lacks a study of sleepwalking used as a bloodguilt defense in the science of criminal law and criminal procedure law in our country,while the common law system,especially the United States has a unique advantage of case resource on this issue.With the help of classic cases,focusing on the history of sleepwalking defense,we can have a better understanding of the development of sleepwalking defense.Maybe the difficulty in the grasp of the burden of proof in sleepwalking defense is relatively one of the reasons for sleepwalking defense to develop uneasily in the United States.in the United States.In addition,a comparative analysis of the two legal systems is also important since they differ in the distribution of burden of proof.Differences are caused by different understandings of presumption of innocence between two different legal systems and among different jurisdictions of one legal system.On the basis of the development vein of sleepwalking defense in the United States,we need to relocate the sleepwalking defense so as to make corresponding adjustments and treatment in the criminal law which are suitable for our country.