人为泥石流起动及产沙放水冲刷实验──以神府-东胜矿区为例

Experiments of artificial simulation setting water on initiation and sediment of man-made debris now - taking Shenfu-Dongsheng minesite as an example

神府东胜矿区位于黄土高原北部干旱半干旱过度地带。由于煤田的大量开采，诱发了大量的环境问题，尤以人为泥石流最为严重。本文以神府－东胜矿区人为泥石流为研究对象，采用人工放水冲刷模拟实验的方法，分析了坡面型和沟谷型泥石流源地松散体起动、产沙、泥石流过程的特性，所得结论为：（１）放水历时长、强度大，有利于泥石流的形成；（２）弃土石渣易起动，是该区泥石流固体物质的主体；（３）沟道型泥石流放水冲刷模拟实验．便于观测泥石流的全过程．坡面型泥石流放水冲刷模拟实验，利于统计产沙、观测侵蚀形态。

Because the Shenfu-Dongsheng mine area is located in intermediate of arid and semiarid zone, its ecological environment is very fragile. Based on the fragile eco-environmental, the coal mining and construction have brought out some new environmental problems. Man-made debris flow problems is the most serious of them which caused by coal mining, construction of railway and highway as well as exploiting stone. Through a great deal of experiments of artificial simulation setting water rushing to two types of slope debris flow and debris flow gully in Shenfu-Dongsheng mine site, the characteristics is favourable to formation of debris now, (2)The waste gangue is easy to initiate and is main solid material of debris flow in this area; (3) The whole debris flow process could be observed through the model simulation experiment of debris flow gully. At present, this experiment method is the best way to analyze debris flow genesis and process.