木质纤维素乙醇原料预处理技术的研究进展

Review of Pretreatment for Feedstock of Lignocellulosic Ethanol

近十年来,随着石油价格的上涨以及化石燃料使用对全球变暖的影响,利用木质素纤维素制取燃料乙醇日益成为国内外研究的热点。木质纤维素制取乙醇的主要步骤包括:原料的预处理、纤维素的糖化、发酵、产品分离。木质纤维素的组成包括木质素、半纤维素和纤维素,其中木质素和半纤维素对纤维素的水解具有阻碍作用。因此,在木质纤维素制取乙醇的工艺过程中,原料的预处理是非常关键的步骤,影响整个木质纤维素乙醇的生产过程。文章回顾了木质纤维素原料主要的预处理技术的最新进展,并结合后续的水解与发酵工序,对各种预处理技术的优缺点进行了对比。

In the last decade, as crude oil prices have raised and its impact on global warming, the lignocellulosic ethanol has gradually become a research hotspot. The production of lignocellulosic ethanol involves three steps： pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation and separation of products. In general, lignocellulose is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, and the presence of lignin and hemicelluloses can impede the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Therefore, the pretreatment for feedstock is a very key step in the production of lignocellulosic ethanol and influents the whole process. The paper reviewed different leading pretreatment technologies along with their latest developments and highlights their advantages and disadvantages with respect to subsequent hydrolysis and fermentation.