老年吸入性肺炎患者的病原学分析及临床治疗体会

Analysis of pathogen and clinical treatments in elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia

目的探讨老年吸入性肺炎的病原学特点及临床治疗体会。方法回顾性分析96例老年吸入性肺炎患者的临床特点及痰细菌培养结果。结果老年吸入性肺炎患者存在多种基础疾病及易患因素,临床特点不典型,且病情重、病死率高(20.8%)。96例老年吸入性肺炎患者以革兰氏阴性杆菌感染为主,占病原菌总数的50%,同时96例患者中培养出两种或以上病原体的为44例,占45.8%,混合感染率较高。结论老年吸入性肺炎注重预防,加强基础病治疗,并根据临床情况及痰培养和药敏试验结果,合理而有效地使用抗菌药物。

Objective To explore the pathogen and clinical treatment experiences of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients. Methods Clinical characteristics and laboratory results of 96 cases of aspiration pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were many basic diseases and susceptible factors in elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia. The clinical features were atypical, and the fatality rate was higher. Of 96 elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia,20 patients （20.8%） died. The major pathogen was gram nega- tive bacillus（50% ）. The infective rate of multiple pathogens washigher （44/96,45.8%）. Conclusion The elderly patients with aspi- ration pneumonia should pay attention to the prevention and the treatment of basic diseases, and should be treated with the reasonable antibiotics according to the results of the clinical cultures.