论近代会党的义气观

Confucian View of Righteousness and Profit and Code of Brotherhood in Modern Secret Parties

在儒家重义轻利义利观的影响下,形成了近代会党的义气观。从社会关系的角度看,近代会党的义气观至少包含了三个层面的含义:对会员,实施扶贫济困;对民众,实行劫富济贫;此外,还内外兼顾,在会员遭遇不测时,冒死替其复仇,并在国家遭受侵略时,维护民族尊严与国家利益。但近代会党并非在任何时候,也并非所有的会党成员都是重义轻利的。近代会党的义气观是一种非常复杂而且矛盾的文化现象。

The modem secret parties were influenced by Confucian view of righteousness and profit. Under the influence of Confucian view of honor and disgrace ＂Priority given to justice＂ （Yiyiweishang）, members of modem secret parties selflessly helped the poor members who belonged to the same party （Fupinjikun）. Under the guid- ance of Confucian view of ＂profitableness＂ （Yiyizhili）, members of modem secret parties took the rich ones＇ wealth to help the poor ones （Jiefujipin）. Affected by the Confucian idea of ＂lose one＇ s life for righteousness＂ （Sheshengquyi） , members of secret parties revenged at the risk of death if someone suffered misfortune. What＇ s more, members of secret parties resisted foreign aggression and safeguarded national dignity and interest when country＇ s territorial integrity and sovereignty were violated. With respect to that, treatment of the relationship between brotherhood and interests is not just limited to the private area, but rose to the groups and even national level. That is basically the same as the Confucian concept of righteousness and profit.