东西哲学有无之辩比较研究应有新的维度

The Comparative Study of Debate upon Being and Non-being in the Eastern and Western Philosophy Ought to Have a New Dimension

无论在西方还是东方哲学里,有无之辩或非存在问题都是形而上学的一个主要问题。从比较哲学的角度看,目前学界有这样几种共识,一是认为西方哲学关注"有"本身,东方哲学关注"无"。二是中国哲学对"无"的认识尽管历史悠久成果丰硕,但并没有研究纯粹本体论意义上的"无",只是在做价值论和人生哲学的探讨。三是对中西有无之辩的比较研究持两种对立的态度,即"大同"观,强调其可公度性,"大异"观,强调两者有水火不容的差异性,不能做比较研究。而然,通过梳理西方哲学史发现,有无之辩问题贯穿西哲史始终,西方哲学关注"有"本身,但并未忽略对"无"的研究,二者共同向前发展。而通过整理中国哲学原典,不难看出中国古代哲人智者不仅从价值哲学和生存哲学的角度对作为境界之无和功夫之无的非存在作了独到的探究,而且对本体之无、认识论之无也不偏废,从而使我国的非存在研究保持着既全面又深入的特色。针对学界泾渭分明的的大异大同问题,做出了更为详尽的考释和补充,不臧否某一家,承认其有差异之处,但趋于大同。

Both in the western philosophy and the eastern philosophy, debate upon temg anct lon -oeu ,l, - existentialism） is a major issue in metaphysics. From the perspective of comparative philosophy, there are sever- al consensuses in the academic circles： firstly, western philosophy concerns ＂Being＂ while eastern philosophy con-ceres ＂Non -being＂. Secondly, although the ＂Nonbeing＂ theory has a long and fruitful history, Chinese phi- losophy has paid no attention to research on pure ＂Non - being＂ in the sense of ontology, just discussing on axiology and philosophy of life. Thirdly, there are two opposite attitudes towards the comparative study of debate upon Being and non - Being in the East and West. One is to treat the two as ＂identical＂, another is to treat the two as＂distinct＂. The differences between them are so big that they cant be comparatively studied. However, after combing the history of western philosophy, we have found that debate upon Being and Non - being runs through the history. Western philosophy concerns ＂Being＂ itself, but did not ignore the research on ＂ Non -being＂, the two make a forward step in the research. By sorting out the original works of Chinese philosophy, we found that the ancient Chinese philosophers, not only made a unique exploration on non - state and non - effort from the value philosophy and life philosophy angles, but also studied non - being of noumenon and non - being of epistemology. Thanks to this, the research on non -existence in China is both comprehensive and in -depth. As to the ＂identical and distinct＂ issue which academics share quite opposite opinions, we have made a more detailed study and supplement. We do not praise or criticize one party. There are differences between them, but they tend to be identical.