《论衡》语义训诂对《汉语大词典》的补释二则

Two Semantic Notes of Lun Heng Supplementary to Chinese Grand Dictionary

汉语史专书语义训诂是词典释义的重要依据。利用对文、连文以及语能解释功能训释语义可探求字、词、词组的真实含义,是行之有效的方法。运用此种训释方法,可知《论衡》中的"利害"是化害为利的意思,"伍伯"就是五霸,"季孟"应指季孙氏和孟子,可以此改正、补充《论衡》旧注、句读中存在的问题,修正相关的译文,并纠正《汉语大词典》在收列词条、分立义项、列举书证及释义等方面存在的疏误。

Semantic notes of Chinese special history book are important in explaining the meanings in the dictionary. Among them, opposite words and semantic notes are used as an effective means by which we can seek the real meanings of words and expressions. With this method, we can define that ＂lihai＂ means ＂turning disadvantages to disadvantages＂, ＂wubo＂ means ＂wuba＂, ＂jimeng＂ refers to ＂Jisunshi＂ and ＂Mengzi＂. Therefore, we correct the mistakes in the old notes of Lun Heng and amend the related translation of Lun Heng. We further rectify the errors in the collection of words, separate the items, list the materials and define the meanings in some parts of the Chinese Grand Dictionary.