并置与对比的张力——戏仿的喜剧性特征分析

Tension of Juxtaposition and Comparison——An Analysis of Comic Characters of Parody

戏仿是一种独具特色的文学体裁和文化实践形式,通常会对前人文本进行反讽和戏谑式的模仿和改写,从而给戏仿文本带来喜剧或诙谐的色彩和格调。戏仿的喜剧效果主要通过模仿、复现、挪用等形式在源文本和新文本之间建立起一种不协调的对照或对比,使文本结构充满张力和冲突,从而挫败和颠覆读者或观众的正常接受习惯和期待视野。在西方文学史的不同时期,戏仿所表现出来的喜剧性或诙谐的内涵、性质、指向和功能都有所不同,喜剧性或诙谐因素对于戏仿来说,有着非常重要的功能和意义。

As a unique literary genre and cultural practice, parody usually imitates and revises the previous texts with an ironic and joking intention, thus endows the parodic texts with a comic or humorous tone. The comic effect of parody is mainly produced by the breach and subversion of the readers＇ or audience＇s horizon effected by the tension and incongruity of conflicts between the source text and the parodic one through imitation, repetition, appropriation and other means. In the history of Western literature, the connotation, nature, orientation and function of comedy or parody in different times are diversified. For parody, the comic or humorous factor is of great importance.