青岛市虾类食品中氟的膳食暴露评估

Dietary exposure assessment of fluorine in shrimps of Qingdao

青岛市居民的饮食结构中,虾类食品的消费量占有较大比重。虾类中氟的含量较高。经检测,青岛虾类主要消费品种中国明对虾、刀额新对虾、日本沼虾、中华管鞭虾、日本囊对虾整虾中氟的含量分别为18.31、9.25、0.78、6.73和15.07 mg/kg(以鲜重计)。过高的氟摄入量可导致骨质疏松、牙齿色素沉着和机体生长缓慢等。本研究对青岛市居民进行了虾类食品的膳食调查,在此基础上利用基于蒙特卡洛模拟的Crystal Ball软件对青岛市虾类食品中氟的日暴露量(CDI)和风险商(HQ)进行计算,结果显示:若去壳食用,青岛市居民虾类中氟CDI的平均值为每天0.000 3 mg/kg;若整虾食用,CDI的平均值为每天0.002 mg/kg。以参考剂量(RfD值)为标准,采用非致癌风险商(Hazard Quotient,HQ)判断在此膳食暴露量基础上青岛市虾类中的氟对人体健康的影响,HQ<1表示不会对人体健康产生危害;HQ>1表示对人体健康存在显著危害。风险商模拟结果显示:若去壳食用,青岛市虾类中氟HQ的平均值为0.004,95%、97.5%和99.5%高暴露位点分别为0.015、0.022和0.047;若整虾食用,青岛市虾类中氟HQ的平均值为0.03,95%、97.5%和99.5%高暴露位点分别为0.11、0.16和0.34,均小于1,表明青岛市居民虾类中氟的膳食暴露量不会对人体健康造成危害。

Shrimps intake occupies a large proportion in the dietary structure of Qingdao residents. Fluorine concentra- tion was detected in major shrimps of Qingdao. The level of fluorine in F. chinensis, M. ensis, M. nipponense, S. crassicornis and P. japonicas was 18.31mg/kg, 9.25mg/kg, 0.78mg/kg, 6.73mg/kg and 15.07mg/kg, respectively （ fresh weight） , which means a high concentration of fluorine in shrimps. Excessive intake of fluorine leads to osteo- porosis, pigmentation of tooth surface and slow - growth. Dietary exposure assessment of fluorine in shrimps was stud- ied based on a dietary intake research and fluorine detection of shrimps for Qingdao residents. Crystal Ball software based on the Monte Carlo technology was used to simulate the CDI and HQ. The results showed that the mean CDI value of fluorine in shelled shrimps is 0. 0003 mg/（kg-d） , and the mean CDI value is 0.002 mg/（kg.d） in whole shrimps. Rfi） was used as standard and HQ to estimate the human health risk of shrimps based on CDI. HQ 〈 1 means no risk for human health and HQ 〉 1 means a remarkable risk. The simulate results of HQ showed that the mean value of 95th, 97.5th and 99.5th percentile HQ rates of fluorine in shelled shrimps were 0.004, 0. 015, 0. 022 and 0. 047 respectively, and the mean value of 95th, 97.5th and 99.5th percentile HQ rates were 0.03, 0.11,0.16 and 0.34 respectively in whole shrimps. Therefore, there is no risk for human health of dietary exposure of fluorine in shrimps in Qingdao.