“泼”作詈词演变轨迹考察

The Study on the Evolution of Po(泼) as the Swearword

"泼"是古汉语中一个重要的詈词,主要形成于宋元时期。"泼"作詈词是语义逐渐引申演变的结果,其语义演变轨迹为:"弃水"义→"流动""泻出"义→"漫""满"义→"泼辣""无所顾忌""胡乱"义→"凶悍""蛮横"义→用作詈词表"卑劣""可恶"之义。"泼"作詈词,不仅可以单用,还可以合成词的形式出现。"泼"构成的合成詈词,从构词语法来看,主要是名词性成分,也有少数形容词性成分;从构词形式来看,主要有二字格、三字格、四字格等,其中以二字格、三字格居多。

Po（泼）is an important ancient Chinese swearword and formed mainly in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Po（泼）is a result of semantics gradually extending and evolving： the meaning of waste water→the meaning of flowing or spilling→the meaning of diffusing out or full→the meaning of shrewish or cynical or wild→the meaning of aggressive or outrageous→the meaning of despicable or damn as swearword. As a swearword, po（泼）can not only be used alone, but also be used as compound words. From the morphological grammar point of view, The main ingredient of po（泼） is a noun and the nominal elements are the main components. It also contains a few adjective components. From the morphological form, there are two-character formats, three-character format, four-character format among which the two-character format and three-character format are much more.