从石峁建筑用玉新发现看夏代的瑶台玉门神话——大传统新知识重解小传统

A Study on Myth of Yaotai and Yumen in Xia Dynasty from New Discovery of Building Jade in Shimao——A Reinterpretation of Little Tradition from New Knowledge of Great Tradition

史前大传统的考古新发现对于重新解释文字记述小传统具有重要的知识创新意义。文学人类学者思索华夏第一王朝即夏文化的源流,将目光转向2012年十大考古发现之一的陕西神木石峁遗址的建城用玉器现象,参照北方萨满教的活态文化实践,解读为辟邪驱魔的精神防卫功能,归结到玉石承载神力的信仰观念。对文献中有关夏桀修建玉门瑶台之类神话建筑物的说法提出大传统背景的新解读:史前建筑用玉的真实情况如何被后人夸张为夏代玉质建筑。

New discoveries of prehistoric archaeology are of great knowledge and innovation significance to reinterpret little tradition of text description. Literary anthropologists,turning their eyes on one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in 2012--building jade phenomenon of Shimao Site of Shenmu Shaanxi,and taking living cultural practice of North Shamanism as reference,interpret the cultural resource of China＇s first dynasty--Xia Dynasty as mental de- fense function of exorcism,and come to the conclusion of religious concept that such jade bears the divine power. They put forward,under the background of the great tradition,a new interpretation of views on such mythological buildings as Yumen and Taotai by Jie of Xia Dynasty. How the real situation of prehistoric building jade was later exaggerated for Xia Dynasty jade building.