国际海运温室气体减排市场机制解析

Market mechanism analysis on greenhouse gas emission reduction of international shipping

自2008年国际海事组织(IMO)海环会(MEPC)第57届会议以来,已有9个提案7种机制被正式纳入海运温室气体市场机制减排措施谈判范畴,这7种机制分为3类:燃料-税费型方案、排放交易型方案、基于船舶能效的市场机制方案;分析各市场机制方案的运作机制;对各方案是否设置排放上限、是否收费、是否进行行业外减排以及能否体现"共同但有区别(共区)的责任"原则等关键性要素进行对比;揭示市场机制实际上是欧盟、伞型集团、发展中国家以及小岛国等各利益集团为维护其政治立场、争夺相关经济利益而展开的博弈;最后提出我国应主动参与国际海事组织及相应研究机构关于海运业温室气体排放的估测,建议市场机制评判标准的甄选要以"共区"作为首要的评判标准.

Nine proposals and seven mechanisms have been officially under the discussion on market mechanisms for greenhouse gas emission reduction of international shipping since the 57th session of Ma- rine Environment Protection Committee （MEPC） of International Maritime Organization （IMO） was conv- ened in 2008. The seven mechanisms are cataloged into three ~;roups： fuel-tax scheme, emission trade scheme, and the scheme based on ship energy efficiency. The operation mechanisms of these schemes are analyzed. Key factors of these mechanisms like emission limit, carbon tax, emission reduction outside of industry, and the principle of ＂Common But Differentiated （CBD） responsibilities＂ are compared. It is revealed that market mechanisms are actually competitive strategies that the groups of European Union, the umbrella group, developing countries and small island countries carry out in order to safeguard their political positions and compete for economic benefits. It is suggested that China should take an active part in IMO and corresponding research institutes for emission estimation. The CBD principle should be considered as a primary criterion in the selection of market-based measures.