生物酶的选择对水酶法提取蓖麻油的影响

Effects of different enzymes and other factors on aqueous enzymatic extraction of castor oil

研究了纤维素酶、果胶酶、淀粉酶、中性蛋白酶和半纤维素酶单因素及其复配酶对提取蓖麻籽总油和清油提取率的影响。结果表明:在试验的5种单酶中,以中性蛋白酶为水解酶的提油效果最好,其总油提取率和清油提取率最高,分别达到了91.17%和62.11%;最佳提取条件为加酶量3%(重量比)、料液比1︰4(质量体积比)、反应温度50℃、酶解时间4 h、pH值6.8;复配酶中,中性蛋白酶+果胶酶的总油提取率最高,为86.93%,而中性蛋白酶+纤维素酶的清油提取率最高,为40.62%。

Aqueous enzymatic extraction of castor oil was investigated. The optimum enzyme was chosen from cellulase, pectinase, amylase, natural protease, hemicellulase. The results show that the natural protease was the best enzyme with the highest total oil extraction rate and the highest free oil extraction rate. Furthermore, the optimum conditions of natural protease was obtained by single factor test, which were as followings： dosage of the enzyme 3%, temperature 50~C , ratio of material to water 1 ： 4, hydrolysis time 4 hours, pH value 6.8. Under these conditions, the total oil extraction rate and the free oil extraction rate could reached by 91.17% and 62.11%. Among the mixed enzymes, the natural protease mixed with pectinase had the highest total oil extraction rate of 86.93%, and the natural protease mixed with ceUulase had the highest free oil extraction rate of 40.62%.