乌鲁木齐市绿地景观格局动态变化及驱动力分析

Dynamic changes and driving force analysis of green space landscape pattern in Urumqi city

在地理信息系统（GIS）及遥感（RS）技术的支持下，以研究区1990年的LandsatTM图像和2009年的ALOS-AVNIR2影像为数据源，采用监督分类辅以目视解释法，将乌鲁木齐市的绿地分为5种类型，总体精度在86％以上。应用景观生态学的理论和方法对其在20年间的绿地景观格局的动态变化及驱动力进行分析。结果表明：1990-2009年期间，乌鲁木齐市各绿地景观有增有减，其中公共绿地增加的趋势，由1990年的355．68hm2扩大到2009年的1311．15hm2，其它绿地减少比较突出，因建设用地的大量占用，使面积不断减少，由1990年的1577．16hm2减少到2009年的644．26hm2；斑块总的数量和斑块密度增加，绿地景观的破碎化程度不断地提高。Shannon多样性指数和均匀度上升，景观类型向多样化、均匀化方向发展；城市绿地景观格局变化的主要驱动力是乌鲁木齐市城市化进程的加快以及城市所处自然环境限制的影响。

The Landsat TM images taken in 1990 and ALOS-AVNIR2 images taken in 2009 in Urumqi city were selected as the data sources, and under the support of RS and GIS technologies, the extracted green space information were classified into 5 types by using supervised classification and eye-sight interpretation methods, the accuracy was more than 86%. Then, the temporal-spatial changes of green space landscape pattern and driving forces in Urumqi during the past 20 years were studied by adopting the theory of landscape ecology and research methods. The results show that during 1990~2009, the public gardens area increased from 355.68 hm： in 1990 to 1 311.15 hm2 in 2009, but other green-land area decreased obviously from 1 577.16 hm2 in 1990 to 644.26 hm2 in 2009, the cause was that the later was largely occupied by the construction land; the total number of patches and patches density were growing, the landscape fragmentation seriously worsened, Sharmon＇s diversity and evenness index increased, the landscape pattern developed towards equality and diversification. The main driving forces of the city＇s green space landscape pattern changes were the intense process of urbanization and the restriction of natural environment of the city.