高龄失能老人照顾者精神健康状况研究:基于性别分析视角

A Study of Psychological Well-being of the Caregivers Caring for the Disabled Elders in Gender Perspective

关于影响高龄失能老人照顾者精神健康因素的解释,基于"压力-应对"模型,强调照顾者的精神健康受到照顾压力的影响,而在此框架下,照顾者的性别差异议题受到较少关注,本文试图解释高龄失能老人照顾者的性别角色存在何种差异,并如何对其进行有效干预。本文运用问卷调查数据予以检定,结果表明,男性和女性照顾者相比较,女性照顾者的抑郁程度高于男性照顾者,对健康状况的自我评价也低于男性照顾者。在照顾压力和社会支持方面,男性和女性照顾者存在性别差异,而在孝道文化方面则未呈现明显的性别差异。本研究基本上肯定了照顾者的性别差异,对于女性照顾者而言,社会工作者应在临床上促进其正向体验并减轻照顾负担,及早处理她们的问题。

Most studies of the psychological well-being of the caregivers Caring for the disabled elders are based on the pressure-reaction model and holds that the caregiver＇ s psychological health are damaged by the pressures from caring the disabled elders, few studies pay attention to the gender differences of caregivers. This paper tries to explore the differences in the gender roles of the caregivers and how to intervene their psychological problems efficiently. The data from a multiple sampling survey of the adult caregivers caring for the disabled elders in Guangzhou shows that the female caregivers are more likely to suffer psychological depression and the female caregivers are more likely to give themselves lower self health evaluation compared with the male caregivers, there are clear differences in caring pressures and social supports while there is no significant differences in the culture of the filial pietybetween the male and female caregivers. This empirical research proves that there is gender differences among the caregivers, and social workers need to pay more attention on how to help the female caregivers to decrease their negative experiences.