我国取水权有偿取得模式研究

Research on the Levy Mode of Water-taking Right Acquisition for Value

水是生命之源、生产之要、生态之基,水资源作为基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源,对其可持续利用是经济社会可持续发展极为重要的保障。实行取水许可和水资源有偿使用是我国水资源管理的基本制度,其功能的发挥主要靠发放取水许可证和征收水资源费来实现。随着社会主义市场经济的深入发展,完全靠行政权力无偿分配取水指标存在诸多弊端,不利于水权交易、水市场的建立,因此建立科学的取水权有偿取得制度势在必行。根据国外水资源费征收和取水权有偿取得的经验,以及我国自然资源开发领域使用权有偿取得的实践,探讨了取水权有偿取得的三种模式,并分析了各自的优势与不足,提出了推进取水权有偿取得制度的建议,为完善我国水资源有偿使用制度提供参考。

As the source of life and foundation of production and ecology, water resources are the basic natural resources and strategic economic resources and play an important role in the sustainable development of economics and society. Water abstrac- tion permit and compensated use are two fundamental rules of water resources management, which are achieved by grant of wa- ter-taking permit and collection of water abstraction charges. With the rapid development of market economy, allocation of wa- ter-taking right on administrative power solely have led to low water utilization efficiency and brought obstacles to the water right trade and establishment of water market. Thus, the water-taking right acquisition for value is imperative. In this paper, based on the experiences of paid acquisition of water-taking right in other countries and paid acquisition of natural resources uti- lization right in China, three levy modes of water-taking right acquisition for value and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Finally, some suggestions have been proposed to promote the implementation of the paid acquisition of water-taking right.