山地城镇地震灾害防灾避难场所的安全设计

Safety Design of Evacuee Shelters for Earthquake Disaster in Mountain Towns

山地地震灾害的主要特点是形成以主震为诱因、以地质灾害为主要次生灾害的复合型灾害,因此设计山地城镇地震灾害防灾避难场所必须要坚持"以人为本、民生第一、预防为主"的基本原则,防止交通堵塞,提高防灾设施的防灾能力。本文紧密围绕山地地震灾害的特点,概述了山地城镇地震灾害防灾避难场所安全设计的要点,即合理选择避难场所类型、避让次生灾害威胁区、防火设计、储备必备的抢险救灾物资和设置直升飞机坪等,并以某一山地城镇总体建设发展规划和避难场所发展规划为例,分析了山地城镇地震灾害防灾避难场所安全设计应考虑的问题。该研究对优化城镇防灾避难场所设计方案、完善城镇防灾结构、提高居民避难的安全性以及判断避难场所设计的安全程度等都具有重要的意义。

Earthquake disasters in mountain towns are composite disasters which are caused by earthquakes and accompanied by lots of secondary geological disasters. In the safety design of evacuee shelters for earth- quake disasters in mountain towns, the principles of keeping human-oriented, livelihood first and prevention first should be insisted to prevent the traffic jam and improve the capacity of calamity reduction. Based on the characters of earthquake disaster,this paper summarizes the main points of the safety design and takes the development plans of general construction and evacuee shelters in a mountain town as an example, and then analyzes the problems in the safety design. Study results of the safety design in mountain towns are important for optimizing the design scheme and the structure of disaster prevention,improving the safety of refuge-taking and judging the safety degree of evacuee shelters effectively.