脱嵌型资源开发与民族地区的跨越式发展困境——基于四个关系性难题的探讨

Disembedded Resource Exploitation and Four Dilemmas of Leapfrogging Development in the Ethnic Areas of China

当前,依托丰富的自然资源和西部大开发政策,我国民族地区逐步进入"跨越式发展"阶段。但客观来讲,民族地区的社会经济发展水平仍相对滞后,而资源依赖型发展模式也呈现出"脱嵌"的典型特征。与此相应,当前我国民族地区的"脱嵌型"资源开发面临四个关系性难题——开发与保护、整体利益与局部利益、外部主导与地方参与、经济增长与社会发展。而要真正实现我国民族地区的跨越式发展,就需要充分考虑民族地区在生态环境、制度环境及文化环境这三个层面的特殊性,强化资源开发过程的"社会嵌入",并从理顺政府职能、强化政策及制度执行、实施参与式开发以及强化基层社会组织等多方面努力,破除上述四个关系性难题,进而推动民族地区的内生型、包容性发展。

Relying on rich natural resources and favorable policies for developing west China, China＇ ethnic areas have gradually entered the leapfrogging development stage. But objectively speaking, the social and economic development level of these ethnic areas is still relatively low. In fact, ＂disembedness＂ is the most typical feature of this resource- dependent development model in such ethnic are- as. Accordingly, disembedded resource exploitation in these areas faces the following dilemmas ： development and protection, the over- all interests and local interests, external guidance and local participation, economic： growth and social development. In order to realize the leapfrogging development and to solve these dilemmas, it is necessary to enhance the ＂social. embeddedness＂ in the process of re- source exploitation with the involvement of the government and the support of social organizations and effectively promote the endoge- nous and inclusive development of the ethnic areas in China.