飞行员推拉操纵杆动作的仿真与分析

Simulation and Analysis for Action of Steering Lever by Pilots

建立飞行员骨肌模型和驾驶舱简化模型,采用控制变量法,分别以操纵杆相对驾驶员的3个坐标值为单一变量,为操纵杆设置3组7种情况.在Anybody软件中进行推拉杆动作的仿真,获取操纵杆在各个情况下的肩、肘关节力和手部受力数据,并对数据进行组内对比,得出在变量单独或单调协同作用下,各个力的值与杆相对飞行员的位置负相关,肩关节力数值最大且变化最为显著等结论.在设计飞机驾驶舱时,应在飞行员手臂的工作范围内合理增大操纵杆高度、适当远离身体放置,以减轻飞行员手臂受力.

A musculoskeletal model for a pilot and a simplified cockpit model were built, seven positions which formed three groups were set for the lever by using the control variate method. Then a simulation in Anybody software for the action of lever operation was conducted to calculate the values of shoulder joint force, elbow joint force and force acted on hand. The influence of lever＇s altitude and position on these forces was identified after the contrast was made within each group. Results were got that with one, two, or even all of three variable changed, the value of these three forces were negatively correlate with the position factor, in these values the shoulder joint force was the maximum one and largely varied. Designers should set the lever reasonably far from pilots, and properly increase the height of the lever within the scope of pilots＇ arm, in order to reduce the value of forces acted on the arm of the pilot.