原油中主要无机氯化物的水解反应研究

Research on hydrolysis reactions of inorganic chlorides in crude oils

原油中的无机氯化物主要有氯化钙、氯化镁、氯化钠等,它们在原油加工过程中可能通过水解反应生成氯化氢,造成装置严重腐蚀。通过考察生成氯化氢的反应温度、反应时间以及通水量等因素对氯化镁、氯化钙和氯化钠水解反应的影响,研究这些无机氯化物水解反应的最佳反应条件以及原油加工过程中反应发生的可能性。结果表明,在原油电脱盐及蒸馏过程中氯化镁和氯化钙会通过水解反应生成氯化氢,而氯化钠较难水解,并且各种物质反应的转化率随着反应温度的升高及时间的延长而增大。若要从根本上控制氯化氢的生成量,需要进一步优化电脱盐工艺。

Inorganic chlorides in crude oils are mainly sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, etc. They can form hydrogen chloride by hydrolysis reaction in crude oil processing, leading to serious corrosion of the unit. The impacts of reaction conditions, reaction temperature, reaction time and water volume on the conversion of hydrolysis reaction of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride are studied. The optimum hydrolysis reaction conditions and its possibilities of reaction in crude oil processing of inorganic chlorides are deduced. The results show that magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride may generate hydrogen chloride by hydrolysis reactions in crude oil desalting and distillation, while sodium chloride is difficult to hydrolyze. In addition, the hydrolysis conversion rates rise with rising reaction temperature and extending reaction time. The electro - static desalting process should be optimized to control the production of hydrogen chloride.