昆明地区越冬红嘴鸥分布及数量变动研究

Population Dynamic and Distribution of Wintering Black-Headed Gull in Kunming Area

对历年来红嘴鸥在昆明越冬分布情况进行调查分析。结果表明:1984年及以前昆明滇池和城郊水域就有红嘴鸥分布,其数量未超过2 000只,无进城的记录;1985年进入昆明的红嘴鸥增达9 000只,并开始进入城区水域;2001年红嘴鸥达到最高数量值33 000只,此后几年多保持在20 000多只。红嘴鸥的分布数量受水域环境的污染状态、水深、食物丰富度、气候等影响较大,人工投食对招引红嘴鸥作用很大,红嘴鸥飞向人群集中的地方觅食已成了一种固化行为。

An analysis on the distribution of wintering Black-Headed Gulls in Kunming over the years is made. The results show that： prior to 1984, there have been Black-headed Gulls distributed in Lake Dian and suburban waters, its population at no more than 2000 with no reeords of entering the urban areas; in 1985, the number of Black-Headed Gulls entering Kunming increased to 9000, which started entering the urban waters; in 2001, the number of Black-Headed Gulls reached a maximum of 33000 and in the fol- lowing years the number of Black-Headed Gulls steadied at around 20000. The distribution of Black- Headed Gulls is deeply affected by the pollution state of the water environment, the depth of water, the a- vailability of food, the climate and other factors, and artificial feeding can help attract Black-Headed Gulls, Blaek-Headed Gulls foraging in erowds has become a curing behavior.