循环中的升与降——析古希腊的循环史观及其与进步史观的差异

The Rise and Fall in the Circulation——On Cyclic Historical View in Ancient Greece and Its Differences from Progressive Historical View

循环史观是古希腊主要的历史观,它以灵魂不朽、轮回转世的观念为理论前提,往往还带有历史退步论和宿命论的色彩,体现在古希腊的神话、诗歌、哲学、历史学等诸多领域中。古希腊循环史观对近现代西方的哲学、历史学、社会学、宗教等都具有深远影响。循环史观与进步史观各有优势和局限性。20世纪以来人们对历史进步的怀疑,其实是对现代性的质疑。如何能保持复古与维新、尚静与崇变、循环与进步之间的张力和平衡,对于社会历史和个人的发展来说都非常重要。

Cyclic Historical View is the main historical view in Ancient Greece.It takes the immortality of the soul, reincarnation concept as the theoretical premise, often also with a tinge of historical retrogression and fatalism, reflected in ancient Greek mythology, poetry, philosophy, history and many other fields. The ancient Greek cyclic historical view has a profound impact on modern western philosophy, history, sociology religion and so on. Cyclic historical view and progressive historical view which is contrast to the former both have advantages and limitations. People＇s doubt about historical progress since the 20th century, is actually the question of modernity. How to keep the tension and balance between retro and reform, pursue peace and adore changes, circulation and progress, is very important for the development of social history and individual.