“又红又专”与“腐化变质”——从文坛看毛泽东对“红色知识分子”培养的焦虑

An Analysis of Mao Zedong's Anxiety over the Training of “Revolutionary Intellectuals”in the Literary Arena

毛泽东在"红色知识分子"的培养问题上煞费苦心。他本寄希望于旧有知识分子能改掉他们的"小资产阶级"本性直接变成无产阶级知识分子,但实践证明是失败的;他又把希望寄托在无产阶级自己的"红色知识分子"培养上,可是,这些成品或半成品的"红色知识分子"很快就和"资产阶级知识分子""同流合污",成了社会主义道路上的"绊脚石"。于是毛泽东陷入了对知识分子改造——培养——再改造的无限焦虑之中,他甚至认为每隔七八年就要来一次思想文化上的"大革命"。

Mao Zedong took great pains over the training of ＂revolutionary intellectuals＂. Initially, he wished that outdated intellectuals could get rid of their ＂petty bourgeois＂ nature and change directly into preletarian intellectuals, but it was futile; secondly, he placed much hope on the training of preletarian ＂revolutionary intellectuals＂ who soon were ＂hand-in-glove＂ with ＂bourgeois intellectuals＂ and became ＂stumbling stones＂ on the socialist road, however. Therefore, Mao Zedong was lost in endless anxiety over the transformation-training-retransformation of intellectuals, and he even opined that it was necessary to launch a ＂thorough reveloution＂ ideologically and cultuarlly every 7 or 8 years.