文本误读与读者阐释——对《诗大序》“未论赋比兴”观点的分析

Text Misunderstanding and Readers' Interpretation——Ideas Analysis of A Preface to Poems

古代学者多从"体用"的角度对《诗大序》"未论赋比兴"进行解释,将风雅颂赋比兴并列,这就忽视了风在文中的特殊作用,也遮蔽了作者举风总论"六义"和由风兼论"四始"的用意。在"体用"法的分类下,"未论赋比兴"背后暗含"只论风雅颂"的对比,其实混淆了文中"六义"与"四始"的界限,是"四始"中论说风雅颂和"六义"中"未论赋比兴"的组合。此观点还暗含"应论赋比兴"的潜台词,以文学的标准衡量经学时代的《诗大序》。可以说,"未论赋比兴"是因忽视风之作用而得出的拼凑式结论,也是后世学者以今观古思维方式下的逆向发现。

Ancient scholars interpreted A Preface to Poems from the perspective of Ti Yong, while neglecting the special role of Feng and covering the author＇s real sense of Liu Yi and Si Shi in the preface. Under the classification of Ti Yong, there has had the comparison between Feng, Ya, and Song, confusing the boundary between Liu Yi and Si Shi, which is the combination of Si Shi and Liu Yi, which is evaluating A Preface to Poems by literature standard.