刑事诉讼中计算机模拟证据问题研究

Problem about the Imitating Evidence of the Computer in Criminal Procedure

我国现行刑事诉讼法将证据的种类规定为物证、书证、证人证言、被害人陈述、犯罪嫌疑人、被告人供述和辩解、鉴定意见、勘验、检查、辨认、侦查实验等笔录、视听资料、电子数据八大类。对计算机模拟证据并无明确规定。伴随时代飞速发展,计算机模拟证据将逐渐在刑事诉讼中发挥着重要作用。对计算机模拟证据进行定性,并从关联性、真实性和合法性三方面入手对其在刑事诉讼中的运用展开具体判断很有必要。其中关联性主要强调计算机模拟证据是否与案发情形相吻合,真实性判断包括相似条件选择和实验反复程度两环节,合法性判断则涵盖取证主体合法与取证程序合法两部分。

The present Criminal Procedure Law of our country stipulates that Evidence includes the following eighl categories：material evidence; documentary evidence; testimony of witnesses; statements of victims; statements and exculpations of the criminal suspects and defendants; expert conclusions; records of survey, examination, identification and investigation and so on; audio-visual materials and electronic data, without the stipulation of the Imitating Evidence of the Computer. With the rapid development of the era, the imitating evidence of the comput- er plays a more and more important role in criminal procedure step by step. It is necessary to define the Imitating Evidence of the Computer, and judges concretely its application in criminal procedure from three aspects： relevan cy, reality and legality. The relevancy mainly emphasizes whether the Imitating Evidence of the Computer accords with the case situation; the judgment of reality includes two steps： the choice of the similar conditions and the repetitions of the experiment; the judgment of legality includes two sections： the subject of obtaining evidence and the procedure of obtaining evidence.