论马克思对施蒂纳利己主义的三重批判

Marx's Three-dimensional Criticism on Stirner's Egoism

对施蒂纳哲学的形而上学本质的批判是马克思进行思想革命的重要一环,因此,梳理马克思对施蒂纳的批判对于揭示马克思思想变革的本质具有重要意义。施蒂纳在《唯一者及其所有物》中以唯一者、利己主义者为出发点发展出唯一者哲学,马克思在《德意志意识形态》中运用大量篇幅对施蒂纳进行批判,阐发了唯物史观。立足于马克思对施蒂纳利己主义的三重批判,即对利己主义者二重化的前提批判、对个人利益和普遍利益对立的基础批判、对利己主义者作为主体的现实批判,揭露施蒂纳利己主义的本质,阐明个人利益和普遍利益的现实关系,明确现实的人作为唯物史观出发点的重要意涵,揭示施蒂纳和马克思研究路径和最终归属的不同。

Marx＇ s criticism towards Stirner＇ s ing transformation. Thus the exploration of metaphysical philosophy is one of important sectors in Marx＇ s think- Marx＇s criticism towards Stirner is significant for the exploration of Marx＇ s thinking transformation. In the work The Ego and Its Own, Stirner constructs his philosophy of Egoism with the logic subject of the Ego and the Egoist. In the German Ideology Marx spends lots of the book to criticize Stirner＇s philosophy of Egoism from three dimensions, including the criticism towards the double-egoist, towards the antagonism between the Individual Interest and Common Interest, and towards the subject Ego. Based on the criticism, Marx exposes the nature of Stirner＇s Egoism, illustrates the actual relationship between the individual interest and the common interest, takes the actual individual as the starting point of Historical Materialism, and shows his revolutionary research paradigm.