黄河上中游近年水资源量变化特点分析

Water Resources Changes of the Upper and Middle Yellow River in Recent Years

选取《黄河水资源公报》中2001—2011年黄河上中游降水量及其分布、天然径流量、地下水不重复量和水资源总量，与《黄河流域水资源调查评价》中1956—2000年相应数据均值（常年）进行对比分析，结果表明：近年来黄河上中游年降水量、天然径流量、地下水不重复量和水资源总量均较常年有较大变化, 其中年降水量变幅在-10%~24%之间，天然径流量变幅大多较降水量变幅小5%~25%，主要产水区降水量的变化影响着天然径流量的变化，地下水不重复量的变化主要受地下水开发利用相对集中区域降水量变化的影响，水资源总量的变幅大多较降水量变幅小5%~20%，主要产水区降水量的变化影响着水资源总量的变化。

Through the comparison and analysis of the precipitation, natural runoff, non-overlap groundwater and the total water volume of the up- per and middle Yellow River of 2001 - 2011 selected from the Gazette of the Yellow River Water Resources and the long-term average value of the water resources from the evaluation results of 1956 - 2000 from the Master Plan of Yellow River Water Resources, the changing scale of the precipi- tation of the upper and middle Yellow River is quite large from - 10% to 24%. And the natural runoff has changes a lot compared with the long- time value with the changing scale 5% -25% smaller than the precipitation. The precipitation changes effect the changes of natural runoff. The non-overlap groundwater volume also changed a lot with the precipitation changes in the groundwater highly developed areas. The total water volume has also changed much than the long-term value, and the changing scale is about 5 % -20 % smaller than the precipitation. The precipitation chan- ges in the major water producing area also effect the changes of the total water volume.