对使用价值参与决定价值量的微观研究——基于劳动价值论对优质优价的新探讨

A Microscopic Study on Use Value ’ s Participation in the Determination of the Magnitude of Goods ’ Value

优质优价是一种客观经济现象,用劳动耗费理论来解释这种现象存在着严重的缺陷,而用使用价值来解释这种现象又有陷入效用价值论的危险。但社会必要劳动时间决定商品的价值量所生产的使用价值必定是有一定质量标准的使用价值,如果把这一具有一定质量标准的使用价值确定为社会标准使用价值,而同一生产过程生产的不同质量的商品都必须按社会标准使用价值来换算其价值量。那么,不仅对优质优价现象可以运用劳动价值论得到科学解释,而且也能使恩格斯关于"价值是生产费用对效用的关系"的论述,与马克思劳动价值论得到完整的统一。

Higher price for better quality is an objective economic phenomenon. Using labor cost theory to explain this phenomenon has serious defects, and using use value to explain it has also the risk of falling into utility value theory. But social necessary labour time＇ s determination of magnitude of goods value means that the use value must attain a certain quality standard. If we use this kind of use value as the social standard, we are supposed to convert the goods with different qualities in the same production process into its value by using this social standard＇ s use value. Thus, not only the phe nomenon of higher price for better quality can be scientifically explained by the labor theory of value, but also Engels＇ discussion of ＂value is the relationship between production costs and utility＂ and Ma rx＇ theory of labor value may be perfectly utified.