试论数据采集与虚拟修复在大足石刻修复中的应用

Virtual Restoration on Cultural Relics:A Case Study of the Restoration of the Thousand-Hand Bodhisattva in Dazu Country

文物作为一种不可再生的宝贵资源,其本体上的保护修复工作均需慎之又慎,需遵循国际上规定的"最小干预"及"可逆性"基本原则。为此,虚拟修复成为对文物动手修复时的重要辅助手段。然而,多数文物具有复杂立体结构和色彩,传统的虚拟修复技术难以实现逼真效果。三维激光扫描是近年来飞跃发展的一项高新测绘与信息技术,具有无损、空间精度高、速度快等突出优势,在文物数字留存及相关保护应用中发挥了重要作用。三维激光扫描技术与高清摄影技术相结合,为文物的虚拟修复带来新的契机。本文结合文物虚拟修复基本需求分析,提出了基于三维激光扫描技术的文物虚拟修复关键技术与工作流程,并以国家一号石质文物保护工程——大足石刻宝顶山千手观音造像的保护修复为例,进行了应用实践,综合历史资料和现有数据的分析,实现了三维形态及色彩的虚拟修复。结果表明,基于三维扫描的虚拟修复能够提供更为逼真的三维虚拟修复模型,供修复专家研究参考。

Cultural relics are an invaluable resource, whose restoration should be carefully conducted. A number of universal principles should be strictly obeyed, such as minimum intervention, reversibility, and so on. Therefore, it is meaningful to test virtual restoration before actual restoration. However, most of cultural relics have irregular shapes and complex colors, which increases the difficulty to realize the vivid effect. In recent years, 3D laser scanning becomes a new advanced technique both in the field of survey and information. Because of its advantages in terms of safety, accuracy and efficiency, it has been widely used and plays an important role in the conservation of cultural relics. Meanwhile, it provides a new chance for virtual restoration. In this paper, a case study of the restoration on the Thousand-Hand Bodhisattva in Dazu Country is conducted. By use of the 3d model, the key techniques and procedures are developed. It shows that the 3D laser scanning data can provide more vivid model for the restoration. This test theoretically proves, the possibility of actual restoration with such scientific means.