武汉地区7～17岁中小学生抑郁症状的流行病学调查

Depressive symptoms among 7-17-year-old students of primary and middle schools in Wuhan area: an epidemiological survey

目的调查武汉地区7～17岁中小学生抑郁症状的检出率及危险因素。方法 2010年3～5月,采用多阶段分层随机抽取武汉地区12所学校(小学、初中和高中各4所)的1975名在校7～17岁学生完成儿童抑郁量表和自编危险因素问卷,用多因素Logistic回归筛选儿童抑郁症状的危险因素。结果武汉地区中小学生抑郁症状的检出率(95%CI)为13.6%(12.1%,15.1%);儿童抑郁的危险因素包括:居住地在农村[OR:2.35,95%CI(1.47,3.23),P<0.001]、初中生[OR:3.45,95%CI(2.08,4.82),P<0.001]、高中生[OR:3.01,95%CI(2.63,3.39),P<0.001]、生活在单亲或寄养家庭[OR:2.11,95%CI(1.23,2.99),P<0.001]、母亲从事体力劳动[OR:1.99,95%CI(1.28,2.70),P<0.001]、母亲无业[OR:2.01,95%CI(1.31,2.71),P<0.001]、父母平均受教育年限为7～12年[OR:2.46,95%CI(1.21,3.71),P<0.001]、父母平均受教育年限为0～6年[OR:2.96,95%CI(1.27,6.13),P<0.001]、父母经常吵架[OR:2.87,95%CI(1.92,3.82),P<0.001]和父母有时候对小孩不理不睬[OR:2.63,95%CI(1.59,3.67),P<0.001]。结论武汉地区中小学生抑郁症状的检出率相对较高,居住在农村、中学生、生活在单亲家庭或寄养家庭、母亲从事体力劳动或无业、父母文化程度低、父母吵架和父母有时对孩子不理不睬的学生应是儿童抑郁预防的重点对象。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of depressive symptoms among 7-17-year-old students of primary and middle schools in Wuhan area. Methods From March to May 2010, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-five 7-17-year-old students from 12 schools（ each four for primary, middle and high schools ） of Wuhan area, were approached through multistage random sampling, and administered with the Chinese version of Children＇s Depression Inventory and a self-designed risk factor questionnaire. Multiple Lgistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with childhood depression. Results The prevalence rates of depressive symptoms were 13.6% （ 12. 1% , 15.1% ）. The risk factors for childhood depression included living in rural area[ OR ：2. 35,95 % CI（ 1.47,3.23 ）, P 〈 0. 001 ], middle school students[ OR ：3.45,95% CI（2.08,4. 82） ,P 〈0. 001 ] ,high school students [ OR：3.01,95% CI（2. 63,3.39） ,P 〈0. 001 ] ,living in single-parent or foster families [ OR：2. 11,95% CI（ 1.23,2. 99） ,P 〈 0. 001 ], mothers engaged in manual labor [ OR ： 1.99,95 % CI （ 1.28,2.70）, P 〈 0. 001 ], unemployment of mothers [ OR：2.01,95% Cl （ 1.31,2. 71 ）, P 〈 0. 001 ], parents＇ average education year of 7-12 years [ OR ：2. 46,95% CI（ 1.21,3.71 ）, P 〈 0. 001 ], parents＇ average education of 0-6 years [ OR：2.96,95% CI （ 1.27,6. 13 ）, P 〈 0. 001 ], frequently jangling between mother and father[ OR：2. 87,95 % CI（ 1.92,3.82）, P 〈 0. 001 ], and parents＇ deliberate neglect about children [ OR： 2.63,95 % CI（ 1.59,3.67 ）, P 〈 0. 001 ]. Conclusions There is a relatively high prevalence of depression among students of primary and middle schools in Wuhan area. Children who are living in rural area, middle school students,living in single-parent or foster families, whose mothers engaged in manual labor, have unemployed mothers, have parents with low education,have frequently jangling parents and have suffer red from deliberately neglect by their parents, should be the target population of childhood depression prevention.