文化自觉与民间叙事的多样化传承——以山东寒亭寒浞信仰与口头叙事为例

Cultural Consciousness and Diversified Inheritance of Folk Narration – An Example of Shandong Hanting Han Zhuo Religion and the Oral Narration

《左传》对寒浞事迹的完整记载是历代文献引用的依据,但"寒浞"落实在山东寒亭,却呈现出和正统传承完全不同的面貌。在国家与社会这一框架之下,依据地方性知识系统,展示寒浞作为历史人物走进寒亭百姓的口头叙事乃至日常生活以后,在一个确定的地理区域里所获得和呈现的四个不同层面的形象印记。寒浞传说之所以在不同村落主题多样、形态不一,主要与各区域是否处在政治中心、是否具有早期信仰历史、是否具有相应的人文景观有关。若把寒浞民间叙事作为一次事件来看,会发现其中隐藏着政府与民间逻辑的互相借重。民间自有逻辑在获得政府认可的话语权之后,构建出更加丰富多彩的民间传承。民间叙事的多样化过程,是一个既附加官方价值观同时也保留民间个性的过程。

The recording of Han Zhuo’s deeds in Zuozhuan is the basis of later literatures, however, the 'Han Zhuo',in Hanting, Shandong, exhibits another completely different picture compared to the orthodox inheritance. In the frame of nation and society, based on the local knowledge system, the author shows the four images of Han Zhuo, acquired in a certain geographical region, at four different levels, after he’s been entering, as a historical character, Hanting people’s oral narration and even their daily life. The reason that Han Zhuo legend differs in various themes and forms in the different villages relies in if a region locates in political center, if it has early religion history and relevant human landscape. If taking the folk narration of Han Zhuo as an event, we may find a hidden way of mutually counting on for support between government and popular people. When folk logic itself gain discourse power which is approved by government, it constructs more fruitful folk inheritance. The process of diversified folk narration is a process attached official values, and simultaneously one that maintains folk character.