德国文化遗产保护的政策、理念与法规

Policies,Concepts and Regulations of Safeguarding Cultural Heritage in Germany

德国的联邦政治体制决定了它多元化的权力结构和多层次的法律体系,从而使得政府在制订新的文化政策和法规方面进度缓慢。而当代德国人在经历了种族主义对于文化遗产加以政治利用的历史之后,多把文化保护看成是社会性事务。因此,尽管德国传统上十分重视对于文化遗产的保护,且拥有较为完善的法律框架,但却迟迟没有签署联合国教科文组织的《保护非物质文化遗产公约》。2012年12月,在经过了漫长的筹备过程之后,德国议会终于批准政府加入该公约。

Being a Federal Republic,in Germany,culture is not a major concern on the national but on the subordinate level of the Bundeslaender.Any adoption of international laws and regulations is therefore performed with a considerable retardation because various legal bodies have to coordinate their efforts.Decentralization of cultural politics is indeed the most marked difference of Germany and other countries.However,Germany has a well established administrative and judicial system for safeguarding cultural heritage and possesses a deeply rooted consideration for transmitting and integrating traditional culture in social life.After prolonged political discussion,in December2012,the German parliament 'Bundestag' finally ratified UNESCO's Convention for Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage.