电动汽车用永磁同步电机振动噪声的计算与分析

Calculation and analysis of vehicle vibration and noise of permanent magnet synchronous motor applied in electric vehicle

为了在电动汽车电机设计阶段估算电机的电磁振动噪声特性,优化电机设计,应用电机电磁场理论定性分析了产生电机电磁振动噪声最主要原因的径向力波的产生机理及特点。根据其特点,提出了一种利用模态叠加法的电机振动噪声的分析方法。利用此方法对一台燃料电池汽车用永磁同步电机进行了计算,借助有限元软件电磁和结构耦合分析方法分别计算主要径向力波在不同频率下的谐波响应,最后把响应叠加得到电机运行范围内的振动噪声的估计值。计算结果和实验结果的比较验证了计算方法的准确性以及理论的正确性。

To define the characteristics of NVH（noise, vibration, and harshness） in the process of elec- tric vehicle motor designing, the principle and feature of the space radial force wave of the motor were analyzed based on the motor electromagnetic field theory. According to its features, a method to analyze the NVH of the motor with modal superposition was proposed. The NVH characteristics of a permanent magnet synchronous motor were calculated with this method. Harmonic responses of main radial force waves at different frequencies were first calculated separately with finite element software electromagnet- ic and structural coupling analysis method, and then superposed to produce the estimates of the vibration and noise of the motor within its operating range. Finally, the accuracy of the calculation method and the correctness of the theoretical analysis are verified by the comparison between the calculation and the experimental results.