脂肪酶催化合成生物柴油的现状与展望

Perspectives and Progress of Lipase-catalyzed Production of Biodiesel

生物柴油是一种可替代、可再生、无污染的机动车燃料。传统的酸碱法生物柴油生产工艺能耗大,同时产生副产物甘油和皂化物,增加了生物柴油分离和提纯的难度。现在人们把注意力集中在利用脂肪酶作为生物催化剂生产生物柴油的相关研究上,这主要得益于其温和的操作条件和相对简单的生物柴油下游处理工艺。相对于传统的化学反应过程,酶法生产生物柴油的障碍主要是脂肪酶的使用成本高、反应速率小、甲醇和甘油引起的脂肪酶失活等。就酶催化生产生物柴油过程中,影响脂肪酶催化活性和稳定性的因素进行综述,以此来展望酶法生产生物柴油的前景。

In recent years, more and more people have been interested in biodiesel as an alternative, renewable, non-polluting motor vehicle fuel. Acid and alkaline process for biodiesel production are energy consuming and generate undesirable by-products that make difficult the separation and purification of biodiesel. Attention has been dedicated to the use of lipases for biodiesel production because of the favorable conversion rate obtained in gentle conditions and the relatively simple purification steps of biodiesel and by-products. Comparatively to conventional chemical processes, the major obstacles for enzymatic production of biodiesel are the cost of lipases, the slow reaction rate and inactivation of lipases caused by methanol and glycerol. In this paper, the factors affecting lipase activity and stability in the lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production process were reviewed in order to outlook enzymatic biodiesel production perspectives for industrial implementation of enzymatic process.