论顾颉刚对唯物史观的态度

Study on Gu Jiegang's Attitudes towards Historical Materialism

民国时期,顾颉刚以"我们"与"他们"来划分新历史考据学派与马克思主义史学派的学术边界,对唯物史观采取"敬而远之"的态度,主张"分工合作"论,坚持各自不同的学术道路,缺乏主动交流与实质合作。新中国时期,顾颉刚经历了"从抗拒改造到接受改造"的心路历程,既要进行自我否定与批判,努力接受唯物史观,又无法完全放弃自己的学术理念,呈现出"融而不入"的矛盾状态。新历史考据学派的史学价值观塑造了顾颉刚对唯物史观的基本态度,虽然他不断进行调整,但这种价值观与马克思主义史学价值观的异趣还是成为他思想痛苦的根源。顾颉刚对唯物史观态度的演变,反映了中国现代史学格局的变迁,也折射出中国史家寻求史学现代化、探索现代史学不同范式的努力。无论是科学史学范式,还是马克思主义史学范式,都有其历史的和学术的价值,而史学现代化则需要多元化的存在与探索。

During the period of Republic of China, making ＇We＇ and ＇They＇ as the academic boarders when dividing the school of new textual criticism history and the school of Marxist history, Gu Jiegang stayed at a respectful distance from historical materialism, maintaining that scholars cooperated closely with an appropriate division of labour, but scholars should follow different academic paths. The lack of initiative exchanges and material co-operations were the characteristics of this period. During the era of New China, Gu Jiegang had experienced a life ＇ from resisting renewal to accepting renewal＇. On one side, he made self-denial and self-criticism and strived for historical materialism, and on the other, he could not completely give up his own academic thoughts. Therefore he was in a contradictory state of ＇ subjective incorporation with being out objectively＇. The essential attitudes of Gu Jiegang towards historical materialism were shaped by historical values of the school of new textual criticism history. Even though he adjusted himself unceasingly, the differences between such historical values and values of Marxist history made him suffer in thoughts. The evolution ot7 Gu Jiegang＇s attitudes towards historical materialism reflected a pattern change of modern history of China, refracted the struggles of Chinese historians to exploring the modernization of history and alternative normal forms of modern history. Both the form of scientific history and the form of Marxist history have their historical and academic values. The modernization of history needs pluralism.