雷电单站定位原理与关键技术

Principle and key technology of single-station lightning location

雷电是发生在大气中的一种瞬态大电流、高电压和强电磁辐射的天气现象。对雷电辐射源进行有效定位可为雷电预警、雷电防护及雷电物理研究提供必要信息。文章介绍了雷电单站定位的特点及单站定位系统的应用现状;分别从声、光、电磁场3个角度总结了雷电单站定位的原理和方法,并从雷电信息提取技术、方位角去模糊技术等方面分析了电磁场雷电定位的关键技术;同时,研究了不同频段、不同原理雷电单站定位方法的优缺点。最后指出将多种单站定位技术有机结合的方法,可以更好地实现高精度、宽领域的雷电单站定位。

Lightning is a kind of weather phenomenon in the atmosphere with transient high current, high voltage and strong electromagnetic radiation. Locating lightning source effectively can provide necessary information for lightning warning, protection and research. This paper introduces the characteristics and application status of single-station lightning location and analyses its principle and methods from the angle of sound, light and electromagnetic field. Furthermore, some key technologies of the lightning location are analyzed such as the azimuth angle to fuzzy, electromagnetic signal processing and so on. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of single-station lightning location based on different frequencies and principles are studied. Finally, some advice are proposed combining different techniques of single-station location together, which can achieve higher precision, wider field in single-station lightning location.