广州市番禺区儿童全血5种微量元素检测结果分析

Analysis on the results of five trace elements in whole blood of children in Panyu district,Guangzhou city

目的探讨广州市番禺地区儿童铜、钙、镁、锌、铁5种微量元素的分布和变化规律,为番禺地区儿童微量元素的合理补充和研究分析提供参考依据。方法使用原子吸收光谱仪对3 476名儿童全血铜、钙、镁、锌、铁5种微量元素进行检测。将受检儿童按年龄分为5组:婴儿组(1～12个月,743例)、幼儿组(>1～2岁,916例)、学龄前组(3～6岁,988例)、学龄期组(7～11岁,579例)、青春发育期组(12～18岁,250例)。每组按性别分成男、女2组。对不同性别、不同年龄段儿童5种微量元素含量进行分析。结果铜和镁2种微量元素的异常率较低,总缺乏率分别为1.5%和0.26%,总超标率分别为0.08%和0.06%;锌、铁2种微量元素的缺乏比较常见,总缺乏率分别为21.0%和19.7%;随着年龄的增长其缺乏率呈明显下降趋势;锌和铁的超标率分别为1.8%和0%;钙的总缺乏率为6.7%,随着年龄的增长其缺乏率呈明显上升趋势,其总超标率为1.9%;镁、铁含量在学龄前期和青春发育期不同性别间的差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.563、2.172、2.822、4.537,P值均<0.01),其他元素含量在相同年龄段不同性别间差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);锌和铁含量随年龄的增长呈上升趋势,而铜和钙含量呈下降趋势,镁的含量比较稳定。结论广州市番禺地区儿童全血锌、铁、钙的异常率较高,铜和镁的分布趋于合理,应加强对合理补充锌、铁、钙的保健指导和研究探讨。

Objective To provide the reference for the reasonable supplement and its study of trace element levels by investigating the distribution and variation regularity of Cu, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe of children in Panyu district, Guangzhou city. Methods Five trace elements （ Cu, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe） in whole blood of 3 476 children were detected by atomic absorption spectrometer. The children were classified into 5 age groups ：infancy group （1-12 months old, 743 cases）, toddler age group （ 〉 1-2 years old, 916 eases）, preschool age group （3-6 years old, 988 cases）, school age group（7-11 years old, 579 cases） and adolescence group（ 12-18 years old, 250 cases）. Based on sex, each group was sub-classified into female and male groups. The levels of the 5 trace elements were analyzed among different sex and age groups. Results The abnormal rates of Cu and Mg were low. The total deficiency rates were 1.5% and 0.26%, and the total exceeding standard rates were 0.08% and 0.06%. It was common for the deficiency of Zn and Fe, and their total deficiency rates was 21.0% and 19.7%, and with the increasing of age, their deficiency rates were downward. The total exceeding standard rates of Zn and Fe were 1.8% and 0%. The total deficiency rate of Ca was 6.7% ,and with the increasing of age, the deficiency rate was upward. The total exceeding standard rate of Ca was 1.9%. In preschool age and adolescence groups, the levels of Mg and Fe had statistical significance between males and females （t =2.563, 2. 172, 2. 822 and 4. 537, P 〈0.01 ）. The levels of the other trace elements had no statistical significance between males and females in each age group （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The levels of Zn and Fe were upward with the increasing of age, and the levels of Cu and Ca were downward. The level of Mg was stable. Conclusions The abnormal rates of Zn, Fe and Ca in whole blood of children in Panyu district are high. The distributions of Cu and Mg become reasonable. The clinical guidance and research of Zn, Fe and Ca should be strengthened.