新疆尼勒克县苏布台乡4种类型农田土壤动物群落的多样性

Community Diversity of Soil Animals in 4Soil Types of Farmland of Subutai Township from Nilka County in Xinjiang

2011年4—9月对新疆尼勒克县苏布台乡黑土、黑钙土、风沙土及盐碱土等4种类型农田的土壤动物群落多样性特征进行调查,共获得土壤动物4 340只,隶属于3门9纲16目(18类),其中真螨目、膜翅目、弹尾目、寄螨目和鞘翅目幼虫等5类为优势类群,占总个体数的69.55%.直翅目幼虫、等足目、双尾目、正蚓目、垫刃目、鞘翅目成虫、半翅目、蜘蛛目及直翅目成虫9类为常见类群,占总个体数的27.30%.倍足目、革翅目、蜈蚣目、盲蛛目4类为稀有类群,占总个体数的3.13%.4种土壤类型农田中土壤动物的类群数和个体数的分布具有明显的季节变化,其中个体数在秋季最多、夏季次之、春季最小.土壤类型对土壤动物的数量和组成影响很大,4种农田土壤类型的土壤动物数量依次为黑土、黑钙土、风沙土、盐碱土.土壤含水率、pH值及地温对农田土壤动物的个体数量及群落组成影响较大.

Characteristics of community diversity of soil animals in four types agro ecosystem were investigated from April to Sep tember 2011 in Subutai township from Nilka County,Xinjiang. The results showed that a total of 4 340 soil animals were captured, and belonged to 3 phyla, 9 classes, 16 orders. Among Acariformes, Hymenoptera, Collembola, Parasiformes, Coleoptera larvae were dominant groups,and accounted for 69.55 M of the total number of individuals. Orthoptera larvae, Isopoda, Diplura, Lumbricida, Ty- lenchida, Hemiptera,Orthoptera and Aranae as the common groups,accounted for 27.30 ~ of the total individual number. Diplopoda, Dermaptera, Centipede, Opiliones were rare groups, accounted for 3. 13 ~ of the total individuals. There were significant differences a- mong the seasonal variation of the soil fauna, the highest abundance appeared in September, while the lowest in Spring. Soil types im- pact on the composition and quantity of soil animals, the sequence was black soil, chernozem soil, aeolian sandy soil, halomorphic soil. The main influence factors of the number of individuals and communities of soil fauna were the soil moisture content, pH value and temperature in farmland.