美国页岩气开采的水环境监管经验研究

Study on Water Environment Supervision Experience of Shale Gas Development in the United States

页岩气开采所使用的核心技术——水力压裂技术不仅消耗大量水资源,而且向地下注入裂解液可能污染地下水。为应对页岩气开发所带来的环境问题,美国已开展并积累了相对丰富的环境监管经验和技术。文章就美国页岩气开采场地的水环境监管体系、法规、制度及技术等进行探讨和研究,并提出我国在页岩气大规模开采初期的水环境监管思路及技术方向。

The core technology of shale gas development,hydraulic fracturing,not only consumes large amounts of water resources,but also injects cracking fluid into the ground,which may contaminate groundwater.In response to this environmental issue brought by shale gas development,the United States has carried out and accumulated relatively rich experience and technology of environment supervision.This article conducts discussion and study on the supervision systems,laws,regulations,and technologies of water environment regulation for shale gas development sites in the United States,and proposed our country in shale gas exploitation of initial water environmental supervision idea and technical direction.