林州食管癌发病因素病例对照研究

A case control study on the risk factors of esophageal cancer in Linzhou

目的 探讨林州居民食管癌发病的相关因素及其特征。方法 在全市 1995、1996两年新发生的食管癌病人中 ,选取 35 2例现症病人 ;另选取同性别、同年龄 (上下不超过 3岁 )的邻居为对照 ,进行 1∶1配对 ,采用统一调查表 ,进行回顾性入户问卷调查 ,资料编码量化后录入微机 ,应用SAS软件 ,计算单因素和多因素的比值比 ,对相对危险进行估计。结果 显示农民家庭经济条件差 ,住地周围环境污染 ,室内油烟污染 ,体质指数低 ,常吃腌晒、腊味食品 ,喜热食、重盐 ,吸烟、饮酒以及有精神创伤、精神压抑、食管上皮增生、上消化道手术史、癌家族史者等与食管癌发病有关联 ,可增加发病的危险性 ;而食用大米 ,多吃蔬菜、水果、酸醋食品和饮茶等则为保护因素。结论 食管癌是各种环境因素对具有不同遗传素质个体长期反复作用的结果 。

Objective To explore the characteristics of prevalence and influencing factors on the genesis of esophageal cancer.Methods A population based 1∶1 matched case control study was conducted in Linzhou. A total number of 352 pairs of cases and controls matched on sex,age and neighborhoods. Data was analysed by SAS software to calculate the odds ratio of and to evaluate the relative risks.Results It was found that lower socio economic status, environmental pollution around the residential areas, lampblack in room, lower body mass index (BMI), more pickled food intake, cigaretter smoking, alcoholic drinking, vigor mental trauma and depression were risk factors of esophageal cancer. It also showed that the subjects having had history of upper digestive tract operation,dysplasia of esophagus and family history of carcinoma markedly increasied the risks of developing esophageal cancer. Conclusion Esophageal cancer seemed to be resulted from the combination of genetic and environmental factor, hence called for of medical surveillance and comprehensive prevention.