前瞻性记忆测验对精神分裂症患者的临床信度和效度

Clinical Reliability and Validity of Prospective Memory Test for Schizophrenics

目的探讨前瞻性记忆测验对精神分裂症患者的临床信度和效度，方法根据前瞻性记忆的理论结构，结合既往实验室范式，编制临床用前瞻性记忆测验。对40例精神分裂症患者和30名健康对照者进行测试，同时测试中国韦氏记忆测验第四版（WMS—IV）。结果因子分析得到2个主因子：基于时间的前瞻性记忆和基于事件的前瞻性记一tZ（特征根〉1，累计贡献率46．1％），10个条目的因子载荷均≥0．4。精神分裂症组前瞻性记忆任务平均分比正常对照组低1～2个标准差（P〈0．001）。判别分析显示，测验的特异性为93．3％，敏感性为72．5％；与金标准符合率为81．4％。精神分裂症组前瞻性记忆测验总分和分测验评分与WMS．IV总分均呈正相关（r=0．44-0．53，P〈0．001）。条目间Cronbach’Sct=O．76，基于时间的前瞻性记忆分测验的Cronbach’Sct=O．68；基于事件的前瞻性记忆分测验的Cronbach’Sct=O．59。测验的分半信度为0．65（P〈O．001）。结论前瞻性记忆测验对精神分裂症患者具有较好的临床信度和效度。

Objective To develop Prospective Memory Test and explore its reliability and validity in normal and schizophrenic popula- tion. Methods According to the structure of prospective memory, Prospective Memory Test was developed based on the previous researches. 40 inpatients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy subjects were assessed with Prospective Memory Test and Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition, Chinese （WMS-IV）. Results Factor analysis extracted 2 main factors, named time-based prospective memory （TBPM） and event-based prospective memory （EBPM）, including 10 items. The average score of Prospective Memory Test was lower in the patients than in the healthy controls by 1-2 standard deviations （P〈0.001）. Discriminant analysi：s showed that the specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic consistency were 93.3%, 72.5% and 81.4%, respectively. Prospective Memory Test scores and two subtest scores positively correlated with total score of WMS-1V （r=0.44-0.53, P〈0.001）. The Cronbach＇s a among all the items was 0.76, and was 0.68 in the TBPM and 0.59 in the EBPM. Split-half reliability of the scale was 0.65 （P〈0.001）. Conclusion The reliability and validity of Prospective Memory Test are accept- able for schizophrenics.