学龄前脑性瘫痪患儿智力水平调查

Intelligence Delay in Children with Cerebral Palsy of Preschool Age

目的探讨4～6岁不同类型脑瘫患儿的智力水平分布及特征，对智力特点及相关因素进行分析。方法对215例4～6岁脑瘫患儿进行基础资料登记、智力评定、粗大运动功能分级评定等。结果210例完成智力评定，其中智力低下患儿113例（53．81％）。痉挛型双瘫、偏瘫和不随意运动型患儿的平均智力水平高于痉挛型四肢瘫、共济失调型；其中痉挛型双瘫患儿的言语智商（VIQ）和操作智商（PIQ）有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。GMFCS分级Ⅳ～V级者及并发癫痫、小头畸形者，智力低下的发生明显高于GMFCS分级I～Ⅲ级者及不伴癫痫、小头畸形者（P〈0．05）。结论4～6岁脑瘫患儿智力低下的发生和脑瘫类型、GMFCS分级及并发癫痫、小头畸形有关。

Objective To investigate the intelligence level and characters in children with cerebral palsy of 4~6 years old, and the factors related with their intelligence. Methods 215 cerebral palsy children of 4-6 years old were assessed with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for chil- dren, Gross Motor Function Classification System （GMFCS）. Results 210 children finished their intelligence test, and 113 presented mental retardation. The intelligence level was higher in the children with spastic diaplegia, hemiplegia and dyskinetic type than those with quadri- plegia and ataxia type. The difference was significant between VIQ and PIQ in the spastic diplegia （P〈0.05）. The mental retardation was more frequent in the children with GMFCS IV-V, or with epilepsy or microcephaly than those with GMFCS I ~ Ⅲ or without the compli- cations （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of mental retardation in children with cerebral palsy was related with the neurotypes, motor function and complications.