汉族与少数民族的民族刻板印象之比较

A Comparative Study of Stereotypes Between Han and Minority College Students

采用自我报告法、团体访谈法,从"主位"和"客位"两个角度考察了少数民族和汉族大学生彼此持有的刻板印象及与民族交往态度的关系。结果表明:1.少数民族与汉族彼此持有的积极刻板印象数量没有显著差异,但汉族大学生的消极刻板印象数量显著多于少数民族;2.少数民族与汉族的民族刻板印象内容存在显著差异;3.积极的刻板印象与民族交往态度正相关,消极的民族刻板印象与交往态度负相关。研究认为,改变少数民族与汉族彼此持有的消极刻板印象,尤其是汉族对少数民族的消极刻板印象,是促进民族关系的关键。

The present study, based on the questionnaire and the interview, investigated Han and minority college students from ＂subject＂ and ＂object＂ perspectives. The results showed that： First, there is no significant differences of positive stereotypes between Han and minority students, but Han students hold more negative stereotypes toward minorities than minorities toward Han; Second, stereotype content between Han and minorities exists significant differences; Third, there is positive correlation between positive stereotypes and contact attitude, and vice versa. This paper believes the ethnic stereotype is an important factor which influences ethnic relations, so it is necessary to create contact opportunities for different groups, changing the negative stereotypes of minorities and Han, especially the negative stereotypes of the Han toward minorities, so as to reduce the intergroup prejudice, which is the key to promote better relationship between Han and minorities.