预备役官兵心理健康教育需求调查分析

Investigation and analysis on mental health education needs of reserve soldiers.

目的调查预备役部队官兵对心理健康教育的需求情况。方法对某部480名官兵采用自制的问卷调查表进行调查。结果官兵对心理素质培养需求百分比最高（63．33％）；在“心理保健知识普及”需求方面，≥25岁组明显高于〈25岁组（60．00％对46．27％，P〈0．05）；在“心理疾病防治”需求方面，人营3-8年组明显高于≤2年组（40．61％对31.80％，P〈0．05），年龄≥25岁组明显高于〈25岁组（44．62％对34．46％，P〈0．01），高中及以上文化程度组明显高于初中组（38．91％对29．95％，P〈0．05）；官兵需要的心理健康教育主要技能居首位的是如何调适好情绪；影响和制约部队心理健康教育成效的原因主要是领导不够重视以及官兵认识不足。结论预备役基层部队的心理服务工作应满足官兵对心理健康教育的需求。

Objective To investigate the status of mental health education needs of reserve soldiers. Methods A total of 480 soldiers were recruited and investigated with the self-designed questionnaire survey forms. Results Psychollogical quality cultivation was in the first place （63.33%） among the mental health education needs. In needs of ＂popularize mental health care knowledge＂, percentage in the group of age more than 25 years old was high than those in group of age less than 25 years old （60.00% vs 46.27%, P〈0.05）. In needs of ＂prevention and treat- ment of psychological illness＂, percentage in the group of recruited time 3 to 8 years was high than those in the group of recruited time less than 2 years （40.61% vs 31.80%, P〈0.05）; percentage in the group of age more than 25 years old was high than those in group of age less than 25 years old （44.62% vs 34.46%, P〈0.01）; percentage in the group of se- nior middle school or above was high than those in the group of junior middle school （38.91% vs 29.95%, P〈0.05）. In needs of main technique of mental health education, how to adjust morale was in the first place. Restrict factors of men- tal health education were inadequate regard from leadership and lack of understanding from soldiers. Conclusion Psy- chological services must satisfy mental health education needs of soldiers in basic reserve division.