重庆方言中几个含“莫”的语法现象

A research on grammatical phenomena including mo(莫) in Chongqing dialect

重庆方言的"莫"除了基本的否定副词用法之外,在和其它成分组合使用时还有很多值得关注的特点。通常表示劝阻、禁止的"莫"在"莫消"和"莫要"中看似只对其后动词的自身性质进行客观否定,与"不"表现相像,其实这只是一些历时原因所造成的个别现象。"莫不"这一双重否定的组合形式其内部属性并不简单,根据"莫"的不同性质,以及具体的使用语境,它存在四种不同的使用情况。此外,特殊句式"(叫)+NP+莫+不+VP/AP"带有反问意味,可用以表达说话人讽刺、轻蔑的态度以及对利益问题的评论,句式本身还存在诸多语法特点。

In Chongqing dialect,mo(莫) shows quite a few interesting grammatical features when used in combination with other words in additional to its basic function as a negative adverb.Usually mo(莫) is used for prohibition,but in moxiao(莫消) and moyao(莫要),it seems to function like another negative adverb bu(不) for some diachronic reasons.Double negative mobu(莫不) has four different usages according to mo's various properties and particular contexts.The construction'jiao(叫) + NP + mo + bu + VP / AP'has the meaning similar to rhetorical questions,and is used to convey sarcasm and provocation and to make comments on benefit-related issues.This sentence pattern itself shows many grammatical features.