马铃薯花色苷生物合成与调控研究进展

Research Advance on Potato Anthocyanins

花色苷是植物中一类由花青素与单糖结合形成糖苷类物质,因其抗氧化功能而具有较高的营养保健价值。马铃薯花色苷在薯皮、薯肉、匍匐茎、花、根、茎、叶中均有分布,主要存在于细胞的液泡中。研究表明,不同品种马铃薯块茎中花青素种类和含量存在差异,主要有6种:天竺葵素、矢车菊素、芍药色素、飞燕草素、锦葵色素和矮牵牛素。目前,花色苷合成途径已经清楚,其中涉及两类基因:一类是结构基因,其编码生物合成途径中所需的酶;另一类是调节基因,其编码的转录因子调控结构基因表达的强度和程度,影响花色苷的时空积累。该综述对马铃薯花色苷生物合成、相关基因克隆、功能及其应用研究进行详细介绍,并对彩色薯的育种研究提出了可行性建议。

Anthocyanins, a kind of glycoside, which are synthesized by anthocyanidin and monosaccharide, are known as the value of nutrition and health care for high antioxidant activity. Potato anthocyanins are widely distributed in its skin, flesh, stolons, flowers, roots, stems and leaves and mainly present in the vacuole of cells. Extensive study revealed that there were difference about types and contents of anthocyanidins and there were six kinds of anthocyanidins in potato tuber, namely pelargonidin, cyanidin, peonidin, delphinidin, malvidin and petunidin. The genes which regulate the anthocyanin biosynthesis generally fell into two groups： the first group is the structural genes coding for the enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway; the second group is the regulatory genes encoding transcription factors which control the expression of structural genes and affect the temporal and spatial accumulation of pigment. In this review, anthocyanin biosynthesis, cDNA cloning, functions expression and application of the related genes were particularly summarized, and then feasibility suggestions about the breeding of colorful potato were offered.