论魏晋南北朝困厄文人“虚己以游”的创作特征

Study on the Writing Characteristics of the Distressed Literati in the Dynasties of Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties

"虚己以游"是中国历史之乱世时期困厄文人寄托心志、告慰灵魂的生存状态和运思方式的写照,其蕴藏于作家的创作之中,从而成为乱世时期困厄文人文学创作的主要特征之一。"虚己以游"缘起于巫术传统,历经庄子的"草根世界"和屈原的"庙堂世界"而成熟,并被赋予哲学意蕴,即在有限而超越有限,也就是实现"内向超越"。而魏晋南北朝时期的困厄文人从现实生活到文学创作依旧秉承"虚己以游"的传统,但是,他们的"虚己以游"突破了庄子"草根世界"和屈原"庙堂世界"的界限,在两个世界之间无奈地穿越遨游,以游心、游仙、游山、游乡、游冥等"游"之方式建起一种跨越时空的精神联系,在自己的期待视野中解读人生价值和人生理想。

＂ Inner transcendence and roaming＂ is a way of storing ambition and relieving the soul for literati who lived in tumultuous times in the history of the Dynasties of Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern and also one of the main literary features of the times. ＂ Inner transcendence and roaming＂ originated from the witchcraft tradition, Chuang -tzu＇s ＂grassroots world＂ and Qu Yuan＇s ＂elegant art＂ and developed into a philosophical thought, name- ly staying in finite reality and transcending the finite, and the realization of ＂ inward transcendence＂. Adhering to the ＂ inner transcendence and roaming ＂ traditional turn of mind, however, the literati broke through Chuang -tzu＇ s ＂grassroots world＂ and Qu Yuan＇s ＂elegant＂ bounds. They were roaming among the hearts, mountains, villages, gods, and ghosts to build a spiritual connection between two worlds, to interpret the value of life and ideal life in their own horizon.