乳及乳制品中三聚氰胺检测研究进展

Recent Advances in Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Melamine in Dairy Products

从三聚氰胺的前处理方法以及仪器检测方法两方面进行分析。目前三聚氰胺的提取、净化方法主要有固相萃取法、分散固相萃取法以及液-液萃取法3种,相关研究数据显示:分散固相萃取法与液-液萃取法较固相萃取法操作更加简便、快捷,且平均回收率均在90%以上。三聚氰胺检测方法主要分为高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱-质谱法以及酶联免疫吸附法等。液相色谱法操作简便、灵敏度高,测定周期短;而液相色谱-质谱法具有更强的定性功能,且检出限更低;气相色谱-质谱法灵敏度更高,但存在更多的不确定因素;酶联免疫吸附法一般只用于大批量测定乳及乳制品中三聚氰胺含量时的初步筛选。

This review describes recent progress in the development of sample pretreatment methods and instrumental detection systems for the determination of melamine in dairy products. Currently there are three popular methods used to extract and purify melamine from sample matrices, solid phase extraction （SPE）, dispersed solid phase extraction （DSPE） and liquid-liquid extraction （LLE）. Data from various studies indicate that DSPE and LLE are easier and faster to use with recoveries above 90% than SPE. Several popular techniques are currently used to determine melamine, including HPLC, LC-MS, GC-MS and ELISA. Among them, HPLC is easier to use, more sensitive and time saving, while LC-MS is more effective for qualitative analysis and has lower detection limit and GC-MS is highly uncertain under varying conditions despite higher sensitivity. Moreover, ELISA is generally used for large-scale determination and primary screening of melamine in milk and dairy products.