自由与超越:唤醒教育的本真——从雅斯贝尔斯的教育思想看我国当代教育改革

Liberty and Transcendence:Awakening the Essence of Education——Reflections on the Reform of Education in China from the perspective of Jaspers' Educational Thoughts

德国存在主义哲学家、教育家雅斯贝尔斯从"自由、生成、超越"的存在主义哲学基础出发,运用哲学思辨的方式,从本体论、价值观的层面来反思教育,对"什么是教育"这一问题提出了自己独特的见解。教育活动的本质是文化的传承与精神的自由交往,教育的目的是达成人的自我生成,教育的使命在于成为"全人"。雅氏的教育思想对我国当代教育的改革具有借鉴意义:推动高等教育的内涵式发展必须始终坚持以人为本的教育思想;"全人"的教育目标和多元的评价体系亟待建立;转变教育方式是培养拔尖创新人才的必然选择。

On the basis of the existential philosophy of ＂liberty, generation, and transcendence＂, German existen- tialist philosopher and educator Jaspers reflected the essence of education on the level of ontology and values in the dialec- tical way of philosophy. Jaspers put forward his own unique insights into the problem ＂what is education＂. As he put it, the essence of education is the heritage of culture and the free exchange a man＇ self-generation. The mission of education is to assist one to of spirit. The purpose of education is to promote become a ＂holistie man＂. Jaspers＇ educational thoughts have important guiding significance for today＇ s educational reform in China. We should insist on people-oriented concept to promote the connotative development of higher education. A ＂holistic＂ educational goal, as well as multiple evaluation system needs to be established. Transforming educational methods to foster top-notch innovative talents is our inevitable choice.