农村空巢老人社会适应现状调查与思考——基于江西省的实地调研

Investigation and Thought on the Present Status of Rural Empty Nest Elderly's Adaptation to the Society: Based on the Field Investigation in Jiangxi Province

为探讨农村空巢老人社会适应现状,课题组采取立意抽样法和等距抽样法相结合的方式,对江西省6市11县的24个行政村中的517个空巢老人进行问卷调查。发现自身、家庭、社会政府三个层面对农村空巢老人的社会适应都有不同层面的影响。为了使农村空巢老人更好的社会适应,应从三个方面着手:人的发展方面,应从"片面"到"全面",实现人的全面发展;保障体系方面,应从"非正式"到"正式",凸显正式保障体系的保障作用;社会建设方面,从"二元"或"单向一体化"到"双向一体化",回归社会公平和谐。

To explore the present situation of rural empty nest elderly＇s adaptation to the society, this research group used the combination of purpose sampling method and equidistant sampling method and made an investigation on 517 empty nest elderly in twenty-four administrative villages of eleven counties in six cities of Jiangxi Province. The investigation found that three aspects including the elderly themselves, their families and the society as well as government all have certain influences on the elderly＇ adaptation to the society. To help them better adapt to the＇ society, the author advances some suggestions as follows： first, the elderly should realize full self-development; second, the social security system should be more formal so as to highlight the guarantee function of a formal security system; third, in the aspect of social construction we should turn ＂binary＂ or ＂one-way integration＂ mode into ＂two-way integration＂ mode so that the social justice and harmony can be reinforced.